Radiator and mounting



Oct. 6, 1936.

c, A. HAMMOND RADIATOR AND A MOUNTING 4 sheetssheet 1 Fild Jgne '7, 1935 0't.46,1936.' @,'HAMMND 2,056,318

RADIATOR AND MOUNTING Filed June '7, 1935 4 sheetS-sneet 2 fav GEV'

' oct. 6, 1936. C A. HAMMOND 2,056,318

RADIATOR AND` MOUNT-ING Filed June 7, 1935 .4 Sheets-Shea?l 3 l (77o l 706 l: i DEl 70,9 7% r: C; i

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E 706 ZeLE 5i Zeg/E oef. e, 1936. -C.A.HAMMND v 2,056,318

RADIATOR AND MOUNTING Filed June 7, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Oct. 6, 1936 Unirse s'm'rss RADIATOR AND MOUNTING Charles A. Hammond, Lancaster, N. Y.. assignor of one-tenth to Ira C. Kilbourn, Alden, N. Y.

Application June 7, 1935, vSerial No. 25,404

11 Claims.-

This invention relates to a radiator which is more particularly intended for use in cooling the water of the engines of automobiles which are operated by explosive fuel such as gasoline, but

5.. the radiator is also capable of use in other installations where similar conditions exist.

In radiators of this type as heretofore construoted most of the parts entering into the composition of the same are connected with each 1p.l other by means of soldering, brazing, welding or similarV operations, all of which are very expen-` sive and not only involve a waste of material such as solder, but also is uncertain and unreliable in its effect inasmuch as testing of such radiators 15. after being fabricated discloses a great deal of leakage and insecure connection 'between some of the parts, which necessitates repairing and patching before the radiator is water-tight and can be put into service.

The principal object of the 'present invention is to provide a radiator of this characterin which no soldering,rwelding or'brazing is employed for connecting any of the parts thereof, excepting the connection between the radiator core and the 25 upper and lower water boxes or headers, but instead the several parts of the core and the connection between the radiator and the supporting frame or mounting are effected by mechanical means under pressure, so Ythat the respective parts are reliably connected and are incapable of separating while lin use and the joints between the several parts are also securely sealed so as to prevent leakage of any water from the radiator.

A further object of this invention is to provide simple and efficient means of an improved character for mounting the radiator on an automo-v bile orV other support intended toI receive the same.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a radiator embodying my improvements.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.

Figure 3 is a top plan view thereof. Figure 4 is a fragmentary front elevation, on

an enlarged scale, of the radiator and its mounty Figure 9 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken on line 9-9 Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary perspective view of a partially formed sheet metal blank from which a plurality of water tubes are madeV as part of the radiator embodying my improvements.

Figure 11 is a similar View showing the blank for making a plurality of water tubes in accordance with my invention progressed beyondv the form shown in Fig. 10.

Figure 12 is asimilar view showing the forma-V tion of a plurality of water tubes lfrom a sheet of metal, progressed still farther as compared with Fig. 11, and in a nearly completed condition.

Figure V13 Vis a perspective view of one ofthe sealing, coupling or locking bars used in connection with the sheet of metal which has been converted into Aaiplurality of water tubes for the purpose of sealing a jointv and preventing the escape of water from one of the water boxes or headers to the exterior of the radiator.

FigureV 14 kis a fragmentary perspective view showing a ysheet metal blank partially formed for the production of a plurality of radiating fins for use in connection with a plurality of water tubes in accordance with my invention.

'Figure 15 is a similar view showing a sheet metalblank for making a plurality of radiating fins progressedY beyond the formation which is shown in Fig. 14. Y

Figure 16 is a similar View showing one of the preferred forms of sealing, coupling or locking bars which are employed in accordance with my invention for connecting parts of the radiating fins which embrace the water tubes and retain the same in their operative position `on these tubes.

Figure 1'7 is a fragmentary perspective view of the preferred form of means for sealing the longitudinal joints of the water tubes and alsoconneeting parts of the radiating fins and hold-4 ing the same in an assembled relation to the waterV tubes, in accordance with my invention.

' Figures 18 and 19 are fragmentary sections. similar to Fig. 9, showing modified forms of the means for connecting the radiating ns at one of the longitudinal edges thereof, adjacent to one edge of a water tube. l

Figure 20 is a diagrammatic perspective View showing one of the 'steps' whereby a yplurality of water tubes are made from a single sheet of metal in accordance with my invention, this View being taken from that Side of the water tube walls where the longitudinal edges of the walls are not integrally connected.

Figure 21 isa view similar to Fig. 20 taken from the opposite side thereof where the longitudinal edges of the walls of each water tube are integrally connected.

Figure 22 is a diagrammatic perspective View showing one of the steps in the manufacture of a plurality of radiating fins from a single sheet of metal, in accordance with my invention, this View being taken from that side ofthe radiating fins where the longitudinal edges of the same are not integrally connected.

Figure 23 is a View similar to Fig. 224 but taken' from the opposite side of the radiating ns where the adjacent members are integrally connected.

In its general organizationthis radiator comprises a central cellular core which inthe present case is provided with a plurality,l of upright water tubes 5I and a pluralityof horizontal air passages 52, an upper header or watje!" box 53 which communicates on its underside with the' upper ends of the water tubes 5| and reoeives the water from the engine'whichis to'be cooledfthrougha pipe 54 opening into the rear wallof thish'ea'der, alower water' box or header 55 having its upper side communicating with the lower ends'of thewat'er tubes 5I and returning thecooling water to the engine throughY a discharge pipe 5B which opensjthrough the rear wall of this' last-mentioned header, and a mounting or frame 51 whichsurrounds the radiat'orl and' is adapted to be mounted upon the chassis of van automobile orA other part where the radiator isV` tof be installed.

The mounting or frame o f the radiator comprises upright sheet' metal straps or bars 58 which engage with the opposite verticallends of' the`y radiator core and Aupper and lower water boxes or headers, a lower strap or bar 59 connecting the lower ends of the side bars 58 and engaging with the underside of the lower water box, and an upper sheet metal strap or bar 60 connectedjat its opposite ends with the upper endsof the side"bars"5 8 and engaging with the top of" the upper water box or header 53, as shown in Figs; 1, `2, and 3. y

, These several frame bars'or straps are made fijmone# continuous strip ,of sheet matar the edsfof which are preferably arranged centrally on the underside of the lower water box and mechanically connected witheachother without the use of solder, by' providing these ends with liook"s`6l 6 2which engage' with one another and are securely' connected by closing these hooks under pressure so that they are firmly interlocked, and the frame bars are held'on the radiator core andboxeswithout the use ofv any solder forthis purpose. l, l 4

YThe; radiator isjcjonned withinf the bars of this frame by providing theA upright bar of the frame" withj verticall inwardly projecting flanges e3, sa at nie frontend rear edges ofv this bar' and engaging with thejfront and rear sides of the adjacent part'of the radiator core and the l vupper and' lower' water boxes, front and' rear flanges 56" projecting' upwardly from the front andrear edges of the lower' frame bar 59 and` engaging with the adjacent parts of the front and rear sides of the lower water box 55,

and" front' andt reafr` flanges 6 1; 68V projecting 7d By'thisimeanstlie radiator core and itslwater boxes are held againstv forward" and" backward) displacement in the supporting frame or mounting, without the use of any solder or equivalent means for this purpose, inasmuch as each of these bars is U-shaped in cross section and embraces the adjacent part of the radiator.

The filling neck 69 which is arranged on the upper side of the upper water box and through which the same is replenished with water, projects upwardly from the top of the respective water box through an opening 10 in the central part of the upper frame cross bar 60. On opposite sides of this lling neck the upper frame cross bar 63 is provided with radiating openings Tl which expose a part of the upper side of the upper water` box, and from the rear edge of these openings a baffle, flange or lip 12 projects upwardly and forwardly so as to intercept air owing backwardly over the radiator and directs the same against the top of the water box for the purpose of 'aiding in cooling the same.

Beyond the'airj opening 'I I and adjacent to opposite ends of' the' upper franie or mounting bar 'the latter' isA provided with two upwardly projecting loops 13which are adapted to receive tie bars, rodsv or' similar elements whereby the radiator frame or mounting is connected with the chassisnr other available part of the automobilev on virhichtheradiator is to be supported.

Qn its 'underside and opposite Ythe center thereofthe lower frame c'rossbar 59' is provided with two bosses 14; 14 which are adapte'dto receive bolts, screws or similar fastening means for connectingthe lower part of the mounting or supporting frame with an adjacent part ofthe automobile chassis. n v

Adjacent to their lower ends each' of the upright bars of the mounting' is provided with a laterally'` projecting lug 'I5'l which is preferably produced by folding a part of the metal of the respective'mounting side bar outwardly, and this lug is` adaptedto rest upon an adjacent part of the chassisiand to'be secured thereto by means of a; pair of ,bolts passing` through openings 'I6 in this lug', or by any other suitable means.

i For' the purpose of holding ,thece'ntral parts' of the upright frarne' bars 58 reliably in engagement withopposite ed'gesof the vradiatora'. transverse tie ispr'o'vided whicljipreferably comprises horizontal front and rear bars 1T, 'I8 of sheet metal extending across the central parts' ofthe core on front and rear'sides thereof', two end bars 19, 80, each of whichconn'eclts one'of the corresponding endsbfthf'ront' and rear bars l1 and 1a snd'erigsgs's' with niej sentrai'pa'rt of the outer side o'f'one4 of the upright bars 58, and attaching lugs 8l, 82 projecting laterally outward from the central'parts of thend bars 19, dres'pec/tively, and adapted to be fastened to any available part of the chassis by" any suitabley means, for example by bolts or screws passing through `openings 83 formed in these lugs'.

Theseseveral bars 11h18; 19,' 80 and the lugs 8l, 8,2 are preferably constructed from a single strip f'sdhe'et metalwhich embraces the radiator core and'th adjacent parts of the upright frame bars58hand has the centralL part of the side bar. an doub1ed so' as to'formthssiippormng lug s2,

While the opposite ends of this strap are bent laterally outward and held in engagement with each otherandwith the part of the chassis by the bolt'or scre'wpassing through'the opening of this 111g- A K Vertical-displacernent' ofnthis transverse tie is prevented 'by 'means' 'ofiuppe'r'and lower retaining lips 84, 85 which are stamped out of each'frain'e side bar 58 and overlap the upper and lower edge portions of the side bars 19 and 80, as shown in Figs. 1,2, and 3.

In order to conform the cross bar 11, 18 of the transverse frame tie to the radiator core and also avoid obstructing the movement of air through the air passages of the radiator core, each of these cross bars is provided with a plurality of openings 86 which are of the same shape and location as the air passages or cells of the radiator core, for example square, as Vshown in Fig. 1, and thereby not only maintain the uniform appearance of the radiator and its mounting when viewed from the front, but also maintaining themaximum cooling efficiency of the same.

In accordance with my invention a plurality of the water tubes of the core are formed from a single sheet of metal of suitable thickness, the blank of which is so slitted and bent that the walls of each of these tubes are integrally connected and the walls of adjacent tubes are also integrally connected, and the longitudinal joints on one side of each of these water tubes are capable of being mechanically connected without the use of any solder or similar means. In the making vof a plurality of such Water tubes which embody this invention a. comparatively long strip of sheet metal 81 is provided at `suitable intervals in the direction of its length with longitudinal slits or slots 88 which are arranged on a longitudinal line 89 which is midway between the opposite longitudinal edges of this strip, as shown in Fig. 10, and the longitudinal edges of this strip are also provided transversely in line with each of the several slits with elongated notches 90, 9 I, each pair of which is equal in length with the companion central slit 88.

Through the length of the strip 81 the same is provided at intervals with a plurality of transverse slits 92 which are arranged alternately on the two halves of this strip on opposite sides of the central line 89 thereof, and each of these transverse slits extends from the central part of one of the intermediate slits 88 to the central part of one of the notches 90, whileithe adjacent part of that part of the strip between the opposite side of the respective slit 88 and the companion notch 9|, is not slitted but remains integrally connected, as shown in Fig. 10. This strip is subjected toother operations before continuing with the manufacture of this strip, but for the present reference to the same will be omitted and only the formation of the tubes themselves will be explained.

After the blank strip 81 has been prepared in the manner described and shown in Fig. 10, this strip is bent or folded throughout its length along the central longitudinal or median line 89 so as to form two plies which are arranged parallel with each other, as shown in Fig. 11. This doubled longitudinal strip is now folded in opposite directions on transverse lines 93 which extend from opposite ends of each central slit 88 to opposite ends of 'each marginal notch 9| in the strip, so as to form a whole web 94 on each half of the strip 81 between these transverse lines 93, and also bring the parts 95` of each ply of the strip which are on longitudinally opposite sides of the whole web 94, in parallelism 'with each other, so that each forms one side wall of a water tube which is spaced apart from a corresponding wall Vof an adjacent water tube.

The middle of each ply of the doubled or folded strip 81, shown in Fig. 11,Y is also bent on transverse lines 96 which extend across this ply of sheet metal at each endof the slot 88 and on opposite sides of each of the slits in this ply which are arranged intermediate of the opposite ends of the 'strip 81 so as to form two half webs 91 on opposite sidesof each transverse slit 92, and also two half webs 98 at each of the corresponding edges of the two plies at one end of the blank.

One endof a water tube wall 95 after being thus bent'transversely along a transverse line 9B relative to the respective wall, will have its transverse edge arranged opposite the transverse edge of a corresponding half web 91 on the corresponding end of the opposing wall of an adjacent water tube. When the folding of the tube blank has progressed to this stage, as shown diagrammatically in Figs. and 2l, a plurality of parallel partially completed water tubes are formed, each of which is substantially U-shaped in cross section, and has its two side walls 95 integrally connected at one of its corresponding longitudinal edges by a longitudinal web 99, while the opposite longitudinalV edges of the walls of this tube are free and not integrally connected.

These figures also show diagrammatically that one transverse end of each side wall of a water two tubes have their half webs 91 opposing eachV other but not integrally connected, and thereby form a space between adjacent water tubes through which air is adapted to pass for carrying off the heat in the Water as it flows through the water tubes from kone header or water box to another, and thus effect a transfer of heat.

When the tube blank has reached this stage the whole web 94 and the half webs 91 are alternately arranged at opposite ends of the air spaces between the several pairs of water tube Walls, as best shown in Figs. 20 and 2l, and subsequently the companion half webs of adjacent water tubes are connected with each other so as to complete the closure at the respective end of the air space between adjacent water tubes, and the non-integraler free longitudinal edges of each pair of water tube walls are also connected with each other so as to complete the formation of these tubes.

Various means may be employed for connecting the opposing transverse edges of each pair of half webs 91, but this is preferably effected by means which do not require the use of any solder, and may be accomplished by providing the transverse edge of each of the half webs 91 with a hook-shaped flange |99, as best shown in Fig. 12, and then coupling these hook-shaped flanges of adjacent half webs by means of a coupling, sealing or connecting bar llll which is of C-shaped formr in cross section, as shown in Fig. 13, by assembling this bar with said flanges so that the latter engage with the channels .of this bar, as best shown in Figs. 4, 7, and 8.

The coupling bar I 8i is preferably made of comparatively stiff metal, such as brass, while the metal from which the water tubes are made preferably consists of a softer metal, such as thin copper, whereby the coupling bar lili after being engaged with the hook flanges 98 and then pressing or rolling these members together, a tight seam or joint will be produced between the same which will effectively prevent leakage of water without the use of soldering or similar operation.

In the formation of the hook Aflanges |90 on the @posing edgesofihe naif wensen 'reduction in the width of thelspace betweenfthe'opposingwalls of two `adjacentv water. tubes isfeffected, and it is therefore necessary'forlthepurp ose of maintaining the respective watr v tlibe walls in parallelism, to take outpthewslack metal )which is present in the whole Web whichconnects the respective water tube wallsatthelop- 'posite end of the airspace between fthem. This slack is preferably taken upl byreversely folding lthe central part `of the metal of each whole web in a direction transversely of the respective ply of. sheet metal, asshown at |02 in Figs. 4, 8, and 12., Although any suitable. means maybe employed for closing thejoint between the non-integral longitudinal edges of eachfpair of water Atube walls, this is preferably effected by'mea'ns which are of a mechanical rcharacter.' an'ddo not require the use of any soldering orfsimilaroperation. The preferred means foracconfiplishing this'purpose also serve as'part'of the means'for'connecting the heat radiating, ns'to the water, tubes, and a full descriptionof these means will there fore be deferred until these radiating 'means have been suiciently described.

4Fbi' the present it will vbe suflicierit to state that in thecompleted form the non-integral longitudinaledges ofthe walls of each water tube 'are bent toward'fe'ach other and. engaged with one another,'as`s`hown at |03 in Fig. 16, and each fof these edges isprovidedwith an outwardly projecting couplingflange |04 which is also shown in Fig.'12.

The non-integral longitudinal edges of the walls of each water tube are connected by means of coupling bars |05 which are C-shaped in cross section, as shown in Fig. 6, and as there shown the anges |04 of the respective watertube 'walls are engaged with internal channels respectively, of the C-shaped coupling bar H15, and after thus engaged these parts are rmly pressedor rolled together sov as to form a tight seamor jointfbetween the Asame which will effectively prevent the leakage oiwaterthrough this joint. Each of vthe coupling bars |05, is preferably made of brass or other'hard material, so'that whenfprssed or closed against the flanges |04 of the waterftube walls which are made of comparatively softfcopper, this joint will remain closed and notopen under normal'usage or conditions.

For the purpose o f increasingthe turbulence of the water as it passes lengthwise'throughthe water tubes, .and alsoto cause the air upon.r passing. through theair Ypassages between the, water .tubes to beintercepted and deected sofasfto increase the transfer of heat from 'the water 1n the. tubes to Athe air onthe exterior thereof,

:which iprojects inwardlyinto line with the ne ef the respectirawater ubsgwellies sito@ in Figs. 5, 6, 7, 9, and 12. By this means a greater of thewater a-ndzwith the is provided on each water tube wall which, in

addition to the increased turbulenceinthe water vthe 1` a .gitfa`,tion o f the air, producesfa more k@effective fand rapid transfer of heat 'fromthe water tqnthe 'ainthereby increasing 'the heat 'transfercapacity vof the radiator accordingly.

, 'Ihis'radiator core may be connected with the ',ppervand lower w/aterboxes 'or headers in any erable, 'to employ for this purpose the means whichare embodied in rny invention and which Yare 'constructed as follows:

Upon 4each alternate water tube is mounted a radiating element which is provided with parts projectinglaterally therefrom toward adjacent alternating water tubes which do not carry a radiatingele'm'ent but are'neve'rtheless inv contact therewith, so 'thai-all thewater tubes are provided with means for transferring heat from the -Each of, ther'adiating elements is Vconstructed 'from' a single sheet of thin metal, suchv as copper, fso as to fo`rm two plies or nswhich are arranged n 'opposite outer ilat sides of the two .walls of the water tube.V Each of these` iins is bent into zig-zag form so las toprovide a plurality lof flat valleys 08,` a plurality of fiat summits, |59 whiohare offset from the valleys and alternate therewith,and xa plurality of transverse webs I El, each'of which connects one of the longitudinal edges of oneof .the summits with a longitudinal edge of anadjacentvalley |08, sothat eachin presents a z igaag appearance Yvvlfich is .crrugated inthe direction of itslength, as shown in Figs. 1,22, kand 23.

g The valleys-of earch radiating iin engage with the summits ofthe main deflecting beads of a water tubewallon one side of an Iair space, yand tlrqsummits of thi s n engagewith the main beads of the water; tu b e vvrillV on the opposite side of this air space, whereby each of these airlspaces ishdivided, intoa pluralityof air passages whichv extend'frdm the front side.to therear side ofthe radiator core, and each of which is substantially Squareim QrOSSCtiOil Y ,One of the corresponding vertical or longitudi- Anal `edges yof each of the twg flns whichdare .formed from asinglesheet @nicht is integrally cennected by means 0f an, .6991, Wea! l L and 1th@ opposite freetvcrtcel l0neitudipal,y edgesfof'thse A valhays are connected. by J mechanical means, .las

will hereinafterE appear whereby the two' fins of each radiating element wllihere mede frldm'fa single .s heetpf metal aremounted on oneofuthe watentubes sqasto. einbrac? the same Vtightly and thus operatemostpiliientiy for radiating heat from :the water to the air.

mately provides two radiatingffins, isrnade from s inglevshect of metal wliich`during orie stage tionisffb'ent sc as toprovide two fins,

are divided by means of transverse slits ||2 and the opposing ends of the valleys of both ns are integrally connected along a longitudinalk line During a subsequent stagein. the manufacture of two fins from a single sheet of metal the two fins are bent and folded transversely relatively to each other along the longitudinal line |I3 so as to form the longitudinal integral Webs and space the valleys of the two fins from each other, so that the same can be engaged with opposite sides of the walls of a water tube. When a pair of ns are thus engaged with a water tube the vertical webs III engage with the integral web 99 at one of the longitudinal edges of the Water tube Walls, while the opposite free longitudinal edges of the valleys |08 are bent toward each other and engage with the outer sides of the non-integral longitudinal edge portions of the respective water tube Walls, as shown in Fig. 6.

The radiating fins are retained in this position by means of retaining lips ||4 arranged on alternate coupling bars |05 and engage with the outer sides of the free longitudinal edge portions of the valleys of the two companion fins, as shown in Fig. 6. These longitudinal edge portions of the fins are preferably so constructed that they converge outwardly and the retaining lips 4 are of corresponding form, as shown in Fig. 6, thereby facilitating the assemblage of these parts and reducing the cost of manufacture.

Each o f the summits is providedat its opposite ends with lips or tabs I I5, I I6 which engage with opposite sides of the vertical edges of the alternating Water tubes which are not embraced or engaged by the Valleysof the radiatingns. The lips or tabs I I 5 are arranged on opposite sides of the free or non-integral edges of the water tube which is not embraced by fins and these tabs are engaged by retaining lips III on the respective C-shaped coupling-bar |05 for the purpose of holding the respective radiating ns o-f two radiating elements on opposite sides of an intervening water tube, as shown at the bottom of Fig. 6.

The retaining lips or tabs ||6 at the rear ends of the summits engage with opposite sides of the closed or integrally connected longitudinal edge of a Water tube which is not embraced by the pair of ns of aradiating unit, as shown in Fig. 9. The companion fins IIB of two radiatingelements may be connected with each other mechanically in various-ways, but as shown in Fig. 5, this is accomplished by providing each of the lips IIB with flanges ||8l which overlap each other and engage with opplositely oipening channels'of v alocking bar ||9 which is S-shaped in cross section, as shown in Figs. 9 and 16. This locking bar is made of brass or other hard material so that when it is closed tightly by means of pressing or rolling, it will retain a rlrm grip on the flanges I I8 and prevent the radiating ns, of which they form a part, from becoming detached.

Instead of employing a locking bar of yS-shaped form in cross section, as shown in Figs. 9 and 16,

yfor connecting the lips or tabs I I6, these lips may If desired these lips of the ns may be merely bent against the integrally connected edges of the water tube, as shown at |22 in Fig. 18.

In the preferred construction a plurality of coupling bars |05 are made from a single sheet of metal so that these bars can be manipulated and applied to the water .tubes and air radiating fins easily, conveniently and economically in the manufacture of the radiator core, and for this purpose adjacent flanges of these bars are connected by transverse Webs or cross bars |23 which are preferably arranged at intervals inr rows between adjacent sealing or coupling bars and so spaced that each of these webs is arranged in line with one of the webs ||0 of the several radiating ns, whereby these bars and connecting webs together form an open-Work grill which upon being applied to the respective edges of the water tubes and radiating fins provides a plurality of openings |24 which register with the air cells or passages between the water tubes and radiating fins and thus permit free ow of air through the radiator core. This grill-shaped multiple coupling member is preferably applied to the front side of the radiator core and thereby gives. the same a finished appearance.

Each of the summits and the valleys of the several radiating fins is preferably so constructed that the adjacent Water tube wall or other metal part of the core with which it engages is uncovered so as to increase the area thereof which can be contacted by the air for the purpose of increasing the radiating efficiency of the core, which means are also preferably so constructed that they act as a baille or obstructing means Within the air passages and cause the air to be deflected within the air passages toward the water heated surfaces and thereby further increase the heat radiating effect.

The preferred means for this purpose consists inprovidingeach summit and each valley of a radiator fin with a pair of transverse slits |25 and displacing the metal between such slits'inwardly toward the respective air space so as to produce an inwardly offset baille or deflecting member, as shown at |26 in Figs. 4, 6, '7, 8, 14, and 15.

As the air flows through the cells of the radiator core the same picks up heat from the walls of ther water tubes which are exposed on the open sides of the corrugations of the radiating fins, also from the radiating fins which absorb heat from the water tube walls, and also from those parts of the Water tube walls which are exposed to the air lunderneath the deflectors or baffles |26, thereby materially increasing the transference of heat. f

In the preferred construction the summits and valleys of each vradiating fin engage their outer surfaces with the summits of alternate radiating beads |06-.on the opposing walls of two adjacent Water tubes so that each rof the deflectors or bailles |26 is arranged over the respective auxiliary bead |0'Iof the main bead |06 whichis thus engaged, as best shown in Fig. 7, thereby obtaining the maximum efciency of the increased area which is provided by these auxiliary beads. The summits of theV radiating'fins at the opposite lateral extremities of the core merely engage With the solid bars 58 of the radiator mounting or frame, as shown in Figs. 4 and '7.

In my invention the water tubes are made from sheet metal which is bent into form, and the several parts are mechanically'connected without the use of any solder or similar connecting medium, therebynot only effectinga saving in cost but also producing a. radiator= core Lwhich .is much .stronger 'and not'liableJ-to vdevelop'.y any; leaks.-x under the severest use to which radiatorsxof;this;` character are subjected,

I claim as my. invention:'-

1. A core for radiators?comprisin'giia plurality of water tubes and a-plurality'of .air conduits beg' f tween adjacent water tubes, eaclrroffY said: waterl; tubes having two spacedlongitudinal walls.which"=.; aref integrally connected l at:` one of" their corre:- f i sponding longitudinal edges? and:y mechanically" connected atv their 'oppositefcorrespondingflongi tudinal edges, ,andi each* wa-ter..'tuloe wall? having one of itsendsv connected'by-r anlintegral whole: web withthe correspondingrendiof the wall oil an` adjacent waterrtube andrthe opposite' endof'4 each water tube wall `havin'gfra laterally. projecting half web which is mechanically connected! withaA half web projecting laterallyromtthe correspondv`r .ing end of the wall of antadja'centwater tube? wall.

2. A corefor radiators comprisinga plurality` of water tubes' and a plurality of.: ainconduitsl between adjacent water tubes; each ofsaidwateri. tubes having two spaced longitudinal wallsiwhich.` are integrally connected at' one oiY their corresponding longitudinal edgesl and mechanically connected at their opposite corresponding longi tudinal edges, and each water tube: wall having. one of its ends connected by an integral whole web with the corresponding end of the wall of. an adjacent water tube, and thieopposite end ofeach water tube wall having alaterally` project. ing half web which is mechanically' connected' with a half web proj ecting' laterally fr'ornthecor-Y responding end ofthe wall of an adjacent water tube'wall, said water tube walls, webs andi flanges being-f formed from a` sheet of metal' which is folded along a longitudinal line to'form' two plies, and provided atv intervals along said longitudinal line with longitudinalslits; andV withv transverse' slits formedV alternately on opposite sides of said longitudinal line and each transverse slit. extending from the central part of'one'of said lon-l gitudinal' slits to' the corresponding longitudinal edge of saidsheet, and said sheet being benton transverse lines'at the endsof'each of saidilongitudinalislots for bringing: said tubes side by sidev and forming said wholewebs and half Webs between adjacent tubes;

3. A core' for radiators lcomprising a pluralityI of water tubesand a-plurality of air'conduits between adjacent water tubes, eachof said-water tubes having two spacedlongitudinal walls which are integrally connected at one offtheir" correspending longitudinal edges and mechanically connected at their opposite corresponding longitudinal edges, and each'water tube' wallh'aving one of its-ends connectedzbyfan'integral'whole web with the corresponding end. ofrthe Wallofan adjacent water tubeand the opposite end' of each' water tube wall having'a `laterally'projectinglhalf' web lwhich is mechanically 'connected with a half? web projecting laterally fromthe corresponding end of the wallof an adjacent watertube'wall, each of said integralY webs beingprovidedwith a fold for reducingritswidth andfeachrpair of half webs being providedwith hook flanges on the opposing transverse edges of the respective half Webs, and a couplingbar ofc-shape cross section which receives. in itschannels the hook Ilanges of said half'webs.

4; A core for radiators comprising a pluralityv of water tubes and a plurality of air' conduits between adjacent water tubes,.each of saidfwater` tubes having;two.:spaceda'longitudinal..walls which'.l are'.integrallyr'connected.at one of theircorre sponding longitudinal edgesandi. mechanically connected at@ their opposite. corresponding. longitudinal edges;` andeaclxwater; tube'- Wall vhaving onesofrits: ends connected .,by, an integral; whole webiwithctheicorrespondingvendf of ,thewall of an.:v adjacent water tube, and the opposite end of each waterztubetlwallsliavingallaterally :projecting half web-Whicliiisim'echancally connected 'with .a half Webi projecting.:laterally. from Vthe correspond.- ing. end Aof.th'e;i.wall.`;.of;an. adjacent. water tube wall, eachofisaidintegralwebs being folded for reducingzzthe'widthpffthesame. 4

5';v A corefor' radiators comprisingaf plurality of'water tubes anda .plurality of airrconduits be'- tween adja'centwaterftube's,' each of .said water' tubesihavingtwo spacedilongitudinal walls which are: integrallyy connected.v atene: of. their correspending.'.longitudinali edgesv and: mechanically connected at .their opposite corresponding'. longii tudinal; edges',..and.each water tube wallA having onelof; its ends connected by an integral whole web Withlthacorresponding end'of the wall of an adjacent water tube, and the opposite end of each watertube wall .having a laterally proj ecting' half web which is .mechanically connected with a half web projectinglaterally from the corresponding endof the wallofan adjacent water tube wall, each of said mechanical connections between a pair of.half webs consisting of hookflanges formedA ns, the members of each pair being arranged on opposite sides of eachwater tube andhavingY one of their` corresponding longitudinal edges inA tegrally; connected while their opposite longitudinal edges are free and arranged adjacent to the free edges of` the respective watertube walls', said free edges of the water tube .walls and said free edges of the iins having laterally projecting flanges, a coupling member substantially C- shaped in' crossvsectionY having itschannels engaged by the ilangesof said water tube walls and radiating uns, andv inclined retaining lips ar-v rangedonopposite sides of said coupling member and engagingthe'out'er sides of said radiating ns.

I'LA' radiatorcomprisi'nga plurality of'wat'er tubeseachoff'which has two side walls, of which one pair of corresponding longitudinal edges are integrally connected, while the opposite longitudinal edges of the same are free, a radiating element' comprising a plurality of pairs of radiating ins'tl'ie4 members of Ieach pair being arranged on opposite sides ofeachwater tube and having'one of theirr corresponding longitudinal edges integrally connected while their opposite longitudinal edges are free and arranged adjacent to the free edges of the respective water tube walls, and means for connecting the free edges'of said'water tube walls and radiating ns, comprising C- shaped coupling bars each of which embraces the free edges ofthe` pair of walls of one water tube and the-'free edges ofthe pair of radiating iins` adjacent to the respective'tube, anda plurality ofwebs connecting a longitudinal edge of each cou`' pling member with a corresponding edge of an adjacent coupling member.

8. A radiator comprising a plurality of parallel water tubes, and a plurality of radiating elements each of which comprises a pair of radiating fins which are integrally connected at one of their longitudinal edges, a pair of said ns embracing alternate water tubes while the other alternate water tubes are not embraced by such fins, each of said fins being of zig-zag form and spanning the space between a iin embraced water tube and a non-fm embraced water tube, coupling lips arranged on the opposite ends of the salient parts of said fins and adjacent to opposite edges of said water tubes, means for coupling the lips of said fms on opposite sides of each fin-embraced tube and each non-iin embraced tube.

9. A radiator comprising a plurality of parallel water tubes, and a plurality of radiating elements each of which comprises a pair of radiating iins which are integrally connected at one of their longitudinal edges, a pair of said ns embracing alternate water tubes while the other alternate water tubes are not embraced by such fins, each of said fins being of zig-zag form and spanning the space between a n embraced water tube and a non-n embraced water tube, coupling lips arranged on the opposite ends or the salient parts of said ns and adjacent to opposite edges of said water tubes, means for coupling the lips of said fins on opposite sides of each iin embraced tube and each non-fin embraced tube, and consisting of a plurality of coupling bars which are S-shaped in cross section and each of which is adapted to receive in the channels on its opposite sides the coupling lips on its opposite side of one edge of each water tube.

l0. A radiator comprising a plurality of water tubes made from a single sheet of metal which is bent transversely at intervals throughout its length to form tubes, each of which has two walls connected integrally at one of their corresponding longitudinal edges while their opposite corresponding longitudinal edges are free, and a spacing member connecting one free edge of a wall of one tube with one free edge of a wall of another tube and formed integrally therewith.

11. A core for radiators comprising a plurality of water tubes and a plurality of air conduits between adjacent water tubes, each of said water tubes having two spaced longitudinal walls which are integrally connected at one of their corresponding longitudinal edges and mechanically connected at their opposite corresponding longitudinal edges, a whole web integrally connected at its opposite ends with the corresponding ends of two opposing walls of adjacent water tubes, and a partial web integrally connected at one end with the opposite end of one of said water tube Walls while the opposite end of said partial web is mechanically connected with the corresponding end of the other of said water tube walls.

CHARLES A. HAMMOND. 

